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Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis

(H.Mann) Kük. (1936)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Cyperus

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennials with short, woody rhizomes.

Stems: Culms 10–90 cm tall, 2–5 mm in diameter near base, base thickly clothed with leaf sheaths 3–20 cm long.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Leaves numerous, crowded. Leaves numerous, crowded. Blades linear shorter than or longer than the culm, 3–8 mm wide. Blades coriaceous. Margins recurved. Veins parallel. Sheathing; sheaths tinged brown, pale brown, or reddish brown, eventually splitting into parallel fibers. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences simple or partially compound, umbelliform or contracted and head-like, 1.5–4 cm long, 3– 8 cm wide, rays 3–11, 0.3–6 cm long, often further branched, spikes 5–12, ovoid or ellipsoid-cylindrical, 1–2 cm long, 0.8–1 cm in diameter, simple, rarely developing a smaller lateral spike at base, densely bearing numerous spikelets, the bracteoles smooth on midnerve; involucral bracts 5–12, divergent to reflexed, 2–25 cm long, much longer than the inflorescence; spikelets bearing 2–3 glumes and 1–2 fertile flowers, erect to spreading, often curved upward, oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, moderately flattened, 3.5–4 mm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, apex acute; glumes herbaceous with rather broad hyaline margins, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 3–4.5 mm long, 1–1.3 mm wide, strongly folded, 7–nerved or 9–nerved, the midnerve smooth. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Corolla (petals) absent. Ovary superior.

Fruit: Achenes linear–oblong; trigonous; 1.5–2.2 mm long; ca. 0.4 mm wide. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring on bog margins and open sites or cliffs in mesic forest.

Elevation Range: (230–)490–1,100 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Endemic
Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Lana'i Endemic
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Candollea 6: 424 (1936)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1423 (Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M [as Mariscus phleoides subsp. hawaiiensis]); Tucker 1994:87/Wagner & Herbst 1999:1900 (NOM:Syn. M. phleoides subsp. hawaiiensis)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Kaaliwai In basalt crevice of steep cliff. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 23570 Niihau BISH 3/29/1949
2 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. kokee On bank of road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN alexander, a.m. kellogg, l. collector number: 5234 Kauai BISH 3/9/1947
3 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. coral plain below ewa and sisal PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2355.o Necker BISH 3/14/1916
4 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. mauna loa Wet 50% shade. With Metrosideros polymorpha, Lycopodium sp., Arundina graminifolia, Dicranopteris linearis & grasses. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 11.mo Hawaii BISH 6/1/1912
5 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. kokee. halemanu valley Western exposure on 80 degree slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 855 Kauai BISH 5/17/1984
6 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Nawaimaka Stream. Metrosideros- Acacia Montane Mesic Forest with Carex alligata Riparian community. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 2440 Kauai PTBG 3/19/1993
7 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Kokee Wooded area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lee, H.A. 217 Kauai BISH 11/22/1925
8 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 17642 MPM 1/3/1940
9 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Kokee. Halemanu Valley. Western exposure on 80° slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 855 Kauai PTBG 5/17/1984
10 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Makolelau; below and west of Pu'ukolekole; 2nd drainage to east of nearby contour road; steep 310 deg. north facing walls. Elev.2750-2800 ft. Metrosideros- Dodonaea-Styphelia Lowland Mesic Shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 6032 Molokai PTBG 2/27/1997
11 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Makaha, north facing slopes below and west of Kokio keokeo. Metrosideros - Acacia montane mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 15808 Kauai PTBG 1/29/2014
12 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Kalalau; Kalahu side in steep, dark basalt fold of N facing valley walls. Diverse Mesic Cliffs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 1705 Kauai PTBG 3/13/1992
13 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Kopakapa; north facing forested slopes; Elev. ca 2800-2900 ft. Metrosideros-Acacia Lowland Mesic Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 4954 Kauai PTBG 2/7/1996
14 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Antidesma Machaerina PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 23888 Pipturus Hibiscus kokio Bidens
15 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. waimea district, makaha, north facing slopes below and west of kokio keokeo. Montane mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood & m. query 15808 Kauai US 1/29/2014
16 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. makolelau; below and w of pu'ukolekole; 2nd drainage to e of nearby contour road. Lowland mesic shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood 6032 Molokai US 2/27/1997
17 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. milolii trail, kokee PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 17642 Kauai US 1/3/1940
18 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. puu koae, kahakuloa. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john 24719 Maui US 12/23/1951
19 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Makolelau; below and W of Pu'ukolekole; 2nd drainage to E of nearby contour road. Lowland mesic shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R. 6032 Molokai US 2/27/1997
20 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Waimea District, Makaha, north facing slopes below and west of Kokio keokeo. Montane mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood & M. Query 15808 Kauai US 1/29/2014
21 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Coral plain below Ewa and Sisal, Oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 2355.O. Oahu US 3/14/2016
22 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Waimea District, Makaha, north facing slopes below and west of Kokio keokeo. Montane mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R.; Query, M. 15808 Kauai US 1/29/2014
23 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. waimea drainage basin, west side, kauai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 1061.k. Kauai US 7/3/1917
24 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. coral plain below ewa and sisal, oahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 2355.o. Oahu US 3/14/1916
25 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Waimea Dist; Nawaimaka Stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R.; Flynn, T. W.; Perlman, S. P. 2440 Kauai US 3/19/1993
26 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. waimea dist; nawaimaka stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood, t. w. flynn & s. p. perlman 2440 Kauai US 3/19/1993
27 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Puu Koae, Kahakuloa. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 24719 Maui US 12/23/1951
28 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Waimea Drainage Basin, West Side, Kauai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 1061.K. Kauai US 1917-00-00
29 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. kokee. halemanu valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 855 Oahu BISH 5/17/1984
30 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Kokee, Kauai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Alexander, A. M.; Kellogg, L. 5234 Kauai US 3/9/1947
31 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Kuliouou summit between trail summit and boundary ridge with Kupaua to north Ridge crest vegetation, growing in eroded soil. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kawelo, K. USARMY 037a Oahu BISH 3/18/2006
32 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Kokee, Waimea, Na Pali-Kona forest reserve Wet open forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 13685 Kauai BISH 12/26/1933
33 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. kokee, kauai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. m. alexander & l. kellogg 5234 Oahu US 3/9/1947
34 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. kakaauuku gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN pekelo jr., n. collector number: mr17 Oahu BISH 1/20/1973
35 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, northwest end of Alakai Swamp Open swamp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 10736a Kauai BISH 12/27/1930
36 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. S of Koko Crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kerr, M. s.n. Oahu BISH 2/3/1946
37 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. w maui, small ridge south of large unnamed gulch behind waikapu rock crusher Growing on a windswept grassy slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 997 Maui BISH 2/24/1981
38 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Waimea Drainage Basin, West side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1061.K Kauai BISH 7/3/1917
39 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Kaohai [sp?] PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 290 Molokai BISH 1/1/1914
40 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. kalaupapa pali near top PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 686 Molokai BISH 7/25/1922
41 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Forestry contour Rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 3588 Kauai BISH 3/23/1993
42 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. s of koko crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kerr, m. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 2/3/1946
43 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. waimea drainage basin, west side private garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1061.k Kauai BISH 7/3/1917
44 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. kokee Wooded area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lee, h.a. moir; barnum collector number: 217 Kauai BISH 11/22/1925
45 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Hawaii National Park, Quarters #5 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fagerlund, G.O. 846 Hawaii BISH 9/14/1943
46 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Kokee Wooded overhead; wet. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lee, H.A. 226 Kauai BISH 11/22/1925
47 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. hawaii national park, quarters #5 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fagerlund, g.o. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 846 Hawaii BISH 9/14/1943
48 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Kokee. Halemanu Valley Western exposure on 80 degree slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 855 Kauai BISH 5/17/1984
49 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. na pali-kona forest reserve, northwest end of alakai swamp Open swamp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. hosaka, e.y.; hume, e.; inafuku, r.; lindsay, j.c.; masuhara, r.; mitchell, d.d.; wong, w. collector number: 10736a Kauai BISH 12/27/1930
50 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. W Maui, small ridge south of large unnamed gulch behind Waikapu rock crusher Growing on a windswept grassy slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 997 Maui BISH 2/24/1981
51 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Kalaupapa Pali near top PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 686 Molokai BISH 7/25/1922
52 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Mauna Loa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 11.Mo Molokai BISH 6/1/1912
53 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Kokee On bank of road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Alexander, A.M. 5234 Kauai BISH 3/9/1947
54 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. kokee, waimea, na pali-kona forest reserve PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. fosberg, f.r.; oliveira, v. collector number: 13685 BISH 12/26/1933
55 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. kaaliwai Growing on the side of the old railroad. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 23570 Hawaii BISH 3/29/1949
56 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Kakaauuku Gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pekelo Jr., N. MR17 Molokai BISH 1/20/1973
57 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. kuliouou summit between trail summit and boundary ridge with kupaua to north Ridge crest vegetation, growing in eroded soil. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kawelo, k. collector number: usarmy 37a Oahu BISH 3/18/2006
58 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Kaaliwai In basalt crevice of steep cliff. PreservedSpecimen St. John, H. Collector Number: 23570 Niihau BISH Specimen 3/29/1949
59 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. West Maui, Halepohaku Ridge, Koai Peak. On open windswept ridge in low scrub. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 3275 Maui BISH 1/10/1991
60 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. Coral plain below Ewa and Sisal PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2355.O Oahu BISH 3/14/1916
61 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis (H.Mann) Kük. kokee summit bog PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lee, h.a. moir; barnum collector number: 226 Oahu BISH 11/22/1925
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