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Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis

(H.Mann) Kük. (1936)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Cyperus

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennials with short, woody rhizomes.

Stems: Culms 10–90 cm tall, 2–5 mm in diameter near base, base thickly clothed with leaf sheaths 3–20 cm long.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Leaves numerous, crowded. Leaves numerous, crowded. Blades linear shorter than or longer than the culm, 3–8 mm wide. Blades coriaceous. Margins recurved. Veins parallel. Sheathing; sheaths tinged brown, pale brown, or reddish brown, eventually splitting into parallel fibers. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences simple or partially compound, umbelliform or contracted and head-like, 1.5–4 cm long, 3– 8 cm wide, rays 3–11, 0.3–6 cm long, often further branched, spikes 5–12, ovoid or ellipsoid-cylindrical, 1–2 cm long, 0.8–1 cm in diameter, simple, rarely developing a smaller lateral spike at base, densely bearing numerous spikelets, the bracteoles smooth on midnerve; involucral bracts 5–12, divergent to reflexed, 2–25 cm long, much longer than the inflorescence; spikelets bearing 2–3 glumes and 1–2 fertile flowers, erect to spreading, often curved upward, oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, moderately flattened, 3.5–4 mm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, apex acute; glumes herbaceous with rather broad hyaline margins, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 3–4.5 mm long, 1–1.3 mm wide, strongly folded, 7–nerved or 9–nerved, the midnerve smooth. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Corolla (petals) absent. Ovary superior.

Fruit: Achenes linear–oblong; trigonous; 1.5–2.2 mm long; ca. 0.4 mm wide. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring on bog margins and open sites or cliffs in mesic forest.

Elevation Range: (230–)490–1,100 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Endemic
Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Lana'i Unknown
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Candollea 6: 424 (1936)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1423 (Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M [as Mariscus phleoides subsp. hawaiiensis]); Tucker 1994:87/Wagner & Herbst 1999:1900 (Syn. M. p. subsp. hawaiiensis = C. p. var. hawaiiensis); Pekelo Jr. MR17 BISH (Mo†, 1973); Munro 290 BISH (L†, 1920)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Mauna Loa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 11 Molokai BISH 1912-06-01
2 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Coral plain below Ewa and Sisal Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2355 Oahu BISH 1916-03-14
3 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Waimea, Kawaihae Rd corridor, Seg 2, middle sec. Preserved_Specimen McEldowney, P.H. 8047 Hawaii BISH 1980-09-25
4 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Forestry contour Rd Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3588 Kauai BISH 1993-03-23
5 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Molokini Islet Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Maui BISH 1913-02-10
6 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis S of Koko Crater Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. Oahu BISH 1946-02-03
7 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Halemanu Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Kauai BISH 1929-04-30
8 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Kalaupapa Pali near top Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 686 Molokai BISH 1922-07-25
9 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Kokee Wooded overhead; wet. Preserved_Specimen Clumping habit; plant 0.25 m tall. Lee, H.A. 226 Kauai BISH 1925-11-22
10 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis West Maui, Halepohaku Ridge, Koai Peak. On open windswept ridge in low scrub. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3275 Maui BISH 1991-01-10
11 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis In the DOFAW Nursery on Maui In a nursery. Preserved_Specimen Gagné, B.H. Maui BISH 1999-07-16
12 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis above Makaha Valley ridge Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 580 Oahu BISH 1927-01-31
13 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Kokee, Waimea, Na Pali-Kona forest reserve Wet open forest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13685 Kauai BISH 1933-12-26
14 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Makaha, north facing slopes below and west of Kokio Keokeo Metrosideros - Acacia montane mesic forest, w/ Alphitonia ponderosa, Diospyros sandwicensis, D. hillebrandii, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, Polyscias kavaiensis, Melicope ovata, M. barbigera, M. feddei, M. anisata, Dodonaea viscosa, Nestegis Preserved_Specimen Terrestrial sedge on steep exposed ridge and cliff zones, spikelets green-white, with Wikesia Wood, K.R. 15808 Kauai BISH 2014-01-29
15 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Kawaihae, Kohala In open dry place. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1558 Hawaii BISH 1936-08-31
16 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Kokee. Halemanu Valley Western exposure on 80 degree slope. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 855 Kauai BISH 1984-05-17
17 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Kokee. Halemanu Valley Western exposure on 80 degree slope. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 855 Kauai BISH 1984-05-17
18 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis USA, Hawaiian Islands, Maui, west Maui, Lahaina District, Olowalu Valley, mid-valley at base of cliff below Lihau Single plant, terrestrial, on talus in short-statured shrubland above Diospyros Forest Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 122003 Maui BISH 2020-12-04
19 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Kokee On bank of road. Preserved_Specimen Alexander, A.M. 5234 Kauai BISH 1947-03-09
20 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Kaaliwai In basalt crevice of steep cliff. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23570 Niihau BISH 1949-03-29
21 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, northwest end of Alakai Swamp Open swamp. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10736 Kauai BISH 1930-12-27
22 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Kokee Wooded area. Preserved_Specimen Isolated bits; plant 0.25 m tall. Lee, H.A. 217 Kauai BISH 1925-11-22
23 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Kuliouou summit between trail summit and boundary ridge with Kupaua to north Ridge crest vegetation, growing in eroded soil. Preserved_Specimen Kawelo, K. 37 Oahu BISH 2006-03-18
24 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Hawaii National Park, Quarters #5 Preserved_Specimen Rare; 1-2 ft. high. Fagerlund, G.O. 846 Hawaii BISH 1943-09-14
25 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Kakaauuku Gulch Preserved_Specimen Pekelo Jr., N. 17 Molokai BISH 1973-01-20
26 Cyperus phleoides var. hawaiiensis Waimea Drainage Basin, West side Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1061 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
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